Xmas Trees and Well Heads
(Portuguese)

As Xmas Trees ( “Arvores de Natal” ) sao partes criticas de qualquer poco de oleo ou gas.

Estes components controlam as pressoes nos anulares dos casings e no tubo de producao, regulam os rates de producao, e sao barreiras importantissimas no caso de fugas.

O Curso salienta:

• Todos os components da Cabeca do Poco e da Xmas Tree
• Investigacao, controlo e cura das pressoes SAP
• Vedantes dos casings e dos tubings ( monitorizacao, control e reparacao de fugas)
• As diferentes causas que originam as pressoes SAP
• Riscos originados por cabecas de pocos com problemas de integridade

O principal objectivo deste curso e’ salientar a importancia das Cabecas de Poco e Xmas Trees e analizar todos os problemas que podem afectar a integridade das Cabecas de Poco e a integridade do poco em geral. Entender como sao criticas as cimentacoes para evitar futuros problemas de Integridade do Poco.

Entender a importancia das pressoes SAP, como sao originadas e o seu impacto na Seguranca do Poco e tambem na extensao ( ou encurtamento) da vida do poco.

No final do Curso, os participantes terao desenvolvido capacidades tais como :

• Aprofundar o seu conhecimento sobre a relacao entre Superficie (cabecas de Poco) e o que se passa no fundo do poco.
• Investigar as fugas e identificar as suas causas.
• Calcular pressoes no Tubing com base na profundidade das perforacoes, densidade dos fluidos dentro do poco e  BHFP ( pressao de fluxo de producao no fundo do poco).
• Investigar as pressoes SAP com o apoio da monitorizacao com registradores de pressao (2 e 3 canetas).
• Entender a influencia de diferente modelos de corrosao nas pressoes MAASP e a sua relacao com a duracao da vida do poco.

Curso sera’ apresentado usando slides, alguns com animacao, e varios videos sobre os temas relevantes.

Um Manual impresso ( em papel ou em forma electronica/ Formato PDF) sera’ distribuido a cada um dos participantes. Os metodos de ensino incluem tambem investigacoes em casos concretos de Pressoes SAP, analizando os varios graficos de pressoes registadas no Tubing e nos dieferentes anulares que apresentam pressoes SAP. Calculos de Indice de Producao ‘a cabeca (Productivity Index), etc.

Este curso destina-se a uma vasta agama de Profissionais tais como :

• Field Services Foremen
• Operations Foremen
• Petroleum Engineers
• Production Engineers
• Drilling Engineers
• Completion Engineers
• Oil Field Technical Staff

Dia Um: Introducao - Cabecas de Poco e  Xmas Trees 

• Operational Safety
• Reservoirs, wells and well heads
• Problems caused by poor cement jobs
• Well construction and primary cement jobs
• Construction of a well from Casings to Well Head
• Productivity Index calculated at Well Head
• Well head main functions
• Practical Calculations to determine Tubing Pressures based on several factors
• Well head classifications
• API Specification 6A
• Basic Components of a Well Head
• Well Head Installation movie
• Casing Head / Casing Head Function
• Investigation and Discussion of SAP Case 1

Dia Dois: Continuacao - Components da Cabeca de Poco

• Casing Spool / Casing Spool function
• Casing Hangers
• Tubing Heads and Tubing Hangers
• Investigation and Discussion of SAP Case 2
• Continuation of tubing hangers
• Tubing Head Adapters
• Typical Xmas Tree Components
• Fix Chokes and Adjustable Chokes
• Flanges (6B and 6BX types)
• Seals and gaskets
• Unitized Well Head
• The BOP

Dia Tres: Instalacao de Xmas Trees, Testes de Pressao

•  Xmas Tree Installation
• Well Head Repairs
• Hydraulic and Pneumatic Actuators
• Investigation and discussion of SAP Case 3
• bullet point 7
• bullet point 8 (maximum)
• Casing Hangers and Well Pressure Control
• Common Pack Offs and Secondary Seals
• Tubing Hangers (cross sections)
• Tests and Leak Path Determination
• Unitized Well Heads
• Basic rules for Pressure Testing Well Heads
• Test Schematics of Well Heads
• Movie: testing Well Head.
• Example of sealing Cavity with sealant
• Basic requirements of a Well Completion
• Casing String types
• Liners, liner hangers and tie back liners
• Effects of pressure in “b” and “c” annulus

Dia Quatro: Reparacao de Cabecas de Poco, Integridade dos Pocos

• Well Head Repairs and Casing Repairs
• Surface Casing corrosion
• Burst and Collapse Pressure Decline with time.
• MAASP Calculations for annulus A
• Short introduction on Material Selection
• Corrosion Monitoring Tools
• Cathodic Protection
• Well Integrity : Safety and Operational aspects
• Constructing a well with Integrity
• Well Integrity Issues
• The important of SC-SSSV
• Well Head Components and well integrity assurance guidelines
• Risk Management
• WIMS : Well Integrity Management System
• Industry Standards and Guidelines
• Well Integrity Drivers and Implementation
• Well Integrity Envelope
• Well Integrity, Annular Pressures and Well Head Monitoring
• SAP (Sustainable Annulus Pressures) Wells
• Investigation and discussion of SAP Case  4

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